Leopard

Measurement

Head to body length

Shoulder height(cm): Males 60–70 cm; Females 57–64 cm Head to body length (cm): 90 - 196 Tail length (cm): 66 -10

Body weight (kg)

Body weight (kg): 37–90 kg and females 28–60 kg.

Justification

Leopard populations have been declining according to conservation monitoring efforts from various international and national conservation organizations. The data are not enough to accurately estimate the rate of decline although assessors suspect that it is at some rate between 10-20% across the country in the next 18 years (two generations). Regardless, the data were enough to estimate the population at each separate location defined by non-connectivity, which turned out to be less than 50 individual for each sub-population. Therefore, leopard qualifies as Endangered under C2 a (i) (ii).

POPULATION & HABITAT

Wild population

Trend

declining

Myanmar population

94 - 281

Global population

Unknown

Details

In Myanmar, the current occurrence of the leopard is witnessed in 11.3% of its historical range. During the period of 1999 to 2004, out of 18 survey areas throughout the country, only 9 resulted in the presence of the leopard. Since then, its distribution has likely decreased due to increased poaching (Rostro-García et al., 2016). The estimated population is 223-670 individuals with 94-281 mature and breeding adults in the total area of 74,440 km2 (Rostro-Garía et al., 2016).

Habitat ecology

Hill forests, semi-deciduous forest, lowland evergreen, mixed deciduous forest, semi-evergreen forest.

Distribution

Threats to survival

Agriculture expansion, commercial and industrial areas, biological resource use (hunting and collecting terrestrial animals), mining, human intrusions and disturbance, road construction, natural system modifications (7.2 Dams & water management/use)

Instruction: The visualization shows threats that are impacting each species. According to IUCN, direct threats are the proximate human activities or processes that have impacted, are impacting, or may impact the the status of the taxon being assessed. Click of the highlighted icons to see details each threat category.

Use and trade

Used for meat, body parts especially skin, canines and bones, traditional medicine—are in demand from China

Conservation Actions

Research

Research undertaken

Camera trapping and analyzing, population monitoring, community engagement, law enforcement with SMART patrolling in Htamanthi WS and gazetted PAs.

Research needed

Law Enforcement and awareness raising programmes in Northern Forest Complex outside of Htamanthi WS and outside of PAs in other parts of the country.

Assessed by

Than Zaw,Hla Naing,Myint Thein,Myo Min Tun,Su Su,Margaret Nyein Nyein Myint,Thida Oo,Nay Myo Shwe,Min Hein Htike,Theint Thanda Bo,Okkar Myo,Paing Soe,Zin Mar Hein

Reviewed by

Monica Böhm

references

Resources

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Extinction risk